How is the center of gravity (CG) calculated?

The center of gravity (CG) is an essential factor in aircraft performance and stability. It is calculated by taking the total moment (which is the product of the weight of each item and its distance from a reference point, known as the datum) and dividing it by the total weight of the aircraft. This calculation provides the CG location, which is crucial for ensuring that the aircraft is balanced and can perform safely throughout various phases of flight.

When performing this calculation, all moments are summed up based on their respective distances from the datum, and this total moment is then divided by the total weight of the aircraft, which includes the weight of the airframe, fuel, cargo, and passengers. This method provides an accurate determination of where the CG lies relative to the datum. An accurately calculated CG helps ensure that the aircraft operates efficiently and safely, maintaining the proper aerodynamic characteristics required for flight.