What is the primary function of flaps on an aircraft?

The primary function of flaps on an aircraft is to increase lift and drag during takeoff and landing. When extended, flaps increase the wing's surface area and alter its camber, allowing the wing to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly important during the critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing, when the aircraft operates at slower airspeeds. By increasing lift, flaps allow the aircraft to fly safely at slower speeds without stalling, which facilitates shorter takeoff runs and lower landing speeds. The additional drag created by flaps also helps control the aircraft's descent rate during landing, enhancing safety and stability as the aircraft approaches the runway.